Antigone Creon Pride vs. Power - 2277 Words

KP Paper II (REVISION) Christoforatou Original date: 03/28/12 Revision date: 05/24/12 Antigone Creon: Pride or Power? â€Å"I will suffer nothing as great as death without glory† –Antigone According to Aristotle, the most important factor in a Greek tragedy is the plot. The plot must tell the actions of characters from beginning to end. Though, without the characters, the plot has nowhere to go. In Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone, each character has a distinct personality and strong beliefs. The heroine, Antigone, has some of the strongest beliefs of them all. Antigone is willing to sacrifice her own life and well being to honor her fallen brother, Polyneices. Polyneices was killed in battle by her other brother Eteocles.†¦show more content†¦She knows that if she buries Polyneices, that Creon will put her to death. When Creon and Antigone verbally confront the issue of Polyneices’ illegal burial, Antigone states, â€Å"Of course I did it. It wasn’t Zeus, not in the least, who made this proclamation-not to me.† In stating this, she is blatantly defying Creon because she does not believe he has the right to put a claim on her brotherâ₠¬â„¢s body since he is not a god. Antigone is the fiancà ©e of Creon’s son, Haemon, which escalates the decision of punishment of Antigone’s actions. Antigone’s yearn for honor and glory is shown in lines 85-86 as she states, â€Å"I will bury him myself. And even if I die in the act, that death will be a glory.† This quotation directly shows Antigone’s insatiable hunger for glory and doing what is morally right. She wants the people of Thebes to do what the gods deem morally acceptable instead of just succumbing to the beliefs of the king. Antigone wants to teach the people of Thebes that a king cannot decide honor and pride. It is to be decided by the gods and religious morals. Although Antigone’s actions of burying her brother’s body without regards to the law is honorable, her pride is her downfall as she is to be exiled in a cave to die. This is where some of the people of Thebes begin to question Creon’s decision and hi s motives for keeping Polyneices’ corpse unburied. King Creon views his decisions and opinions as comparable to those ofShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Antigone1547 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone, gender roles are a major conflicting theme throughout the entire play. The setting of the play was written during the Greek mythological days, around 442 B.C. During these days, men were dominant and held all of the power, so women were automatically treated as less. Antigone and Creon portray the conflicting sides between male and female, and Ismene and Haemon portray opposing sides to Antigone and Creon’s actions. Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon each show differencesRead MoreThe Test Of Time By Sophocles1403 Words   |  6 Pagesfew have withstood the test of time as long as Antigone has. Written by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles in 441 B.C, it is almost two and a half thousand years old. How does a piece of writing last that long without becoming irrelevant and antiquated. The answer to that que stion can be found in the themes and characters of this long enduring masterpiece. Before I jump into this paper, I should probably tell you what Antigone is about. Antigone is a play which takes place shortly after theRead MoreDivine Law Vs. Human Law1510 Words   |  7 PagesWritten Assignment Divine Law vs. Human Law West Islip High School Là ©na Seltzer 003996-0069 May 2017 1472 Words Religion and State have historically battled over value of importance. For centuries, laws have been set forth to further the separation between the two. While good intentions were utilized in the creation of these statutes, it is challenging to shift the mindset of civilians who have worshiped religion above the state their entire lives. In the play, Antigone, Sophocles dramatizes theRead MoreAntigone : Human Law Vs. Divine Law1418 Words   |  6 PagesLauren Wolfson Professor Neil Scharnick THR 3270 History of Classical Theatre 30 November 2016 Antigone: Human Law vs. Divine Law The most prominent theme in â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles is the conflict of divine law vs. human law; it is the driving force behind the entire play. It is an issue of which law is the right law, and if Creon s and Antigone s acts were justifiable. It is also a question of what motivates them both to act as they do and if they were predestined to their fates dueRead MoreHow the Movie a Few Good Men and the Play Antigone Found Honor in What1109 Words   |  5 Pagesexcuses. In the play Antigone by Sophicles, and the movie A Few Good Men, by Aaron Sorkin, Antigone, Dawson and Downy stand up for what they think is right at that moment, and go against the laws they were to follow. The Greek Tragic Hero Antigone is characterized as a person with great honor and has a conflict with going against the civil law under Creon, and not burying Polynices. Polynices was a traitor to Thebes and was killed in war against his brother Eteocles. Antigone, Eteocless andRead MoreHuman Law Vs. Divine Law1487 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Law vs. Divine Law Morality is principles that determines the distinction between right and wrong action, or good and bad behavior. There is also a link that being moral should be determined by either human law or divine law. The play â€Å"Antigone†, by Sophocles, shows the complexity of this certain concept of morality. Antigone must determine whether she should defy King Creon’s law in order to bury her brother, Polynices, or reject her own religious beliefs in order to maintain in the King’sRead MoreReview Of Oedipus Rex 1342 Words   |  6 Pagesplay. Antigone Reading Questions How is this version of Creon in comparison to the Creon presented in Oedipus Rex? Why? - In the myth about Oedipus Rex, Creon is portrayed as an honest, fair character who uses reason when confronted. For example, when Oedipus accuses him of conspiring against him, Creon explains to why he has no need for Oedipus’ crown. When the truth is revealed about Oedipus, Creon is also shown as understanding towards his troubles. In the myth of Antigone, Creon is depictedRead MoreAntigone Rainy River1181 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Law Vs. Written Law Morals are defined to be the principle of what is right from what is wrong. What defines whether something is right or wrong is based purely on ones judgment and perspective. Staying true to personal beliefs and morals can sometimes be problematic to retain when conflicting with the written law. In Antigone by Sophocles, Antigone disregards the decree of her uncle Creon, King of Thebes, which forbids anybody to bury Antigone’s brother Polynices who was killed in battleRead MoreMajor Works Data Sheet : Fiction2158 Words   |  9 Pagesof authoring and publication: Antigone was written by Sophocles around 440 B.C. This was right before Athenians fought a campaign on the Samos revolt. Sophocles was chosen to be a high ranking military official during this time. These events are relevant due to the fact that some of the play s main issues are how much power a state should have, the chance of a justifiable rebellion, and the laws of the government citizens had to follow. Antigone s popularity lead to Sophocles electionRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King And Antigone1170 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. In civilizations such as Athens, women were looked down upon and this battle to leave behind tradition proved to be almost if not fatal. Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone exemplify three distinct female Athenian characters who approach this battle with different fronts. Through analysis of Ismene, Antigone and Jocasta’s distinct characters, the reader better understands how Sophocles uses a feminine voice to break away fro m the tradition discerned in Athenian life to advocate for the

Descriptive Essay The Golden Chariot - 1384 Words

One thing that almost everyone in the world desires is love. The presence of someone you’re comfortable with can be pure bliss. Pluto lived by this phrase, he wanted nothing more in this world other than love or friendship. Pluto arrived on earth on his luxurious chariot carried by powerful black steeds while dressed in his best royal blue cloak. His golden chariot was encrusted with various precious gemstones, it also had wheels made of pure silver and seats of coffee brown cashmere. Even though his belongings were quite extravagant and his supremacy tremendous he still managed to make his way to the local market. His long silky black hair fluttered in the wind along with his dark draping cloak. Pitch black curls rested on his chin paired†¦show more content†¦Strangely enough, their eyes eventually met, she was gentle young woman who had just finished asking a question to a snooty vendor, but he didn’t seem to care and gave her the cold shoulder instead. Many other vendors would do the same to her, hastily answer and hurry her to pay. She hung her head from rejection and shuffled away to continue shopping. Seeing her so miserable made Pluto feel guilty so he decided to try and comfort her. The young woman had wavy caramel brown hair and angelic olive-green eyes. Furthermore, her dress was a lovely sky blue with brown accents, it was so long and flowing that it could almost reach her tattered sandals. She seemed to not care about the state of her clothes too much because dirt and mud were glued to her shoes and the edges of her dress. Yet she still looked stunning even though her outfit was slightly dirty. Pluto observed as she strayed from booth to booth until he finally mustered enough courage to approach her. He noticed she was carrying a hefty basket crammed with several different meats and offered to help her carry it. â€Å"Do you need help with that?† he asked as he pointed to her luggage. â€Å"I’m okay, I can carry it myself.† she humbly declined. â€Å"It’s lovely out today, isn’t it?† she mentioned. â€Å"It is.† They both lifted their heads in unison and admired the sky. â€Å"Pardon me, but may I ask your name?† â€Å"It’s Calliope, and you?† she inquired. â€Å"IShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesunder such heavy contribution later in The Aim of the Sage. Chapter 4. Since the successful use of talismans depends upon their being used in conjunction with the correct constellations, this chapter is devoted to the latter. The author gives a descriptive list of the twenty-eight mansions of the moon, according to the â€Å"Indian† system, and assigns to each its correct talisman. Analysis of the passage shows that it is a compound of â€Å"Indian† doctrines, the tenets of Dorotheus of Sidon (both attested

Descriptive Essay I Say Hello - 964 Words

You say 㠁•ã‚ˆã â€ Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€°. I say Hello. When I was eight-years-old I despised change, no matter what it was or how â€Å"good† the transition would be. Some would even comment that when it came to change, I was a prude child. However, the day that changed my life was when my parents said in the most optimistic tone that.â€Å"We are moving to the United States!† These words were my greatest undoing and the thought of leaving never crossed my mind ever. I remember being speechless and wanting to cry, but could not bring myself to. I wanted to stay in Tokyo, Japan, in the dark-wooden, two story house with tatami floors, and the sliding doors that were connected to each room, because it held the most precious memories of hide-and-go-seek to playing sumo matches against my cousins. However, my older sister bawled and begged my parents. To let us stay in Japan and that they could go. But my parents wanted all of us to stick together because family sticks to gether no matter what for the good in the worst of times. I remember trying to stay strong, just like Anpanman even though deep down I wanted to throw a fit because I hated change. My last day at school for me was something I cherished and remembered, even to this day because having to attend an all-girl school from preschool to third grade was something that I had conformed to, the fun classes that I had enjoyed like playing the violin to kanji writing, and deep down I was sad having to leave behind the friends that I had known sinceShow MoreRelatedNananna1497 Words   |  6 Pages– two of the original six teams. Bowling describes the evolution of professional hockey from a game with a tremendous amount of tradition to one that has become a commercialized, violent, glitzy, and â€Å"Americanized† spectacle (237). Throughout the essay, Bowling speaks nostalgically about professional hockey, enriched in tradition, in contrast to where it is today: NHL’s expansio n, salaries versus statistics, marketing and advertising and machismo (239). He is still very positive about the game andRead MoreMy Own Backyard1148 Words   |  5 PagesRobin Pulliam Descriptive Essay August 31, 2011 English 111-95 My Own Backyard My own backyard is my favorite place to visit. I say this because when I walk out my backdoor my senses come alive. I can enjoy the smells, sounds, and touch of nature. I use my backdoor as a place to escape from the real world and the tension of everyday life. It is like walking into another world. It is a place of serenity, where I can relax in my futon, forget about all my worries, and enjoy the view of my surroundingsRead MoreEssay on Promoting Literacy Development Through Writing4289 Words   |  18 PagesGrandmother would like to play a more active role in her granddaughter’s education, she works a full time job and has health problems that prevent her being able to drive. Genesis was in my fourth grade Read 180 class and is with me again as a fifth grader. I selected this student because she is strong in phonemic awareness, yet her writing scores are weak and she needs the most individualized support in writing. Genesis was referred to me in the third grade because she was a struggling reader and was unableRead MoreUsing A Computer For The Assignments1801 Words   |  8 PagesBefore this quarter, I preferred to use a pen and paper when I wrote, but I had to use a computer for the assignments in this class. By taking this class, I discovered the advantages of using a computer, and now I am use it more. I loved writing about my thoughts or feelings about things that happened to me. But I had a good involvement various kinds of writing from this class: descriptive writing, visual analysis, problem-solution essay, wide repertoire of read and respond etc. I enjoyed the writingRead MoreDescriptive Writing Samples6140 Words   |  25 PagesGCSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE UNIT 3: DESCRIPTIVE WRITING The Descriptive Writing task in Unit 3 is worth 7.5% of the subject award and is marked out of 20. The mark given for each of the examples provided is supported by comments related to the criteria given in the specification for (i) Content Organisation; (ii) Sentence Structure, Punctuation Spelling. A notional grade is indicated in each case, based on the way that the same mark scale for Writing has been used in the past, and consistent withRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3246 Words   |  13 PagesKatniss makes her first kill. The â€Å"arrow drives deeply into the center of his neck†¦ then I [Katniss] realize†¦ he was my first kill.†(Collins, 233-4) The author’s imagery explicitly describes the harsh conditions the protagonist is fighting against as having a negative impact and potentially ruining her humanity. It further demonstrates to the reader the negative consequences of hunting. Collins uses descriptive language to make the â€Å"killà ¢â‚¬  (Collins, 234) both real and imaginable. The thought of beingRead MoreStudent Information System6572 Words   |  27 PagesCHAPTER I RESEARCH PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Notably,  student information system or SIS incurs such application software designed for educational establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student attendance as well as managing many other student-related data needs within the institution university. Thus, many of these systems applied in the PhilippinesRead MoreA Descriptive Study of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong17388 Words   |  70 PagesHONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE PRACTICE OF MUSIC THERAPY IN HONG KONG By LAM HOI YAN April, 2007 04002865 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the development of music therapy in Hong Kong. Specifically, a number of related issues were studied including definition of music therapy, the origin of music therapy, the recent developments in music therapy in China, establishment of a music therapy session, and the setting ofRead MoreSports17369 Words   |  70 Pagesfurther research on various topics, along with an approach to reporting on your reading that encourages critical thinking. Exercise 1.4 is a â€Å"Fill in the blanks,† with the answers on the next page, as is Exercise 2.3 â€Å"Sport history firsts,† and the essays in Exercise 2.4 have suggested inclusions for answers. If you are interested in doing survey scholarship, there are two examples here: Exercise 4.5 offers directions on how to get information on audiences for the Olympic Games, along with a sampleRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 Pagesfurther research on various topics, along with an approach to reporting on your reading that encourages critical thinking. Exercise 1.4 is a â€Å"Fill in the blanks,† with the answers on the next page, as i s Exercise 2.3 â€Å"Sport history firsts,† and the essays in Exercise 2.4 have suggested inclusions for answers. If you are interested in doing survey scholarship, there are two examples here: Exercise 4.5 offers directions on how to get information on audiences for the Olympic Games, along with a sample

Kohlberg s Stages Of Moral Development Essay - 1280 Words

Stephen Lavely 4-21-16 Col-299 Jacqueline Gray Reflection Essay I personally identify with many aspects of these papers. In Kohlberg s Stages of Moral Development, specifically in Stage 6, I identify with basing my principles and moral values on â€Å"equality and worth of all living things (Kohlberg)†.I definitely think all individuals are valuable and are of equal importance and deserve their individual liberties. As a whole, if a the liberty of each person isn t taken into consideration, it will be a great setback for humanity. The need to consider the inherent rights of everyone is found all throughout history. For example, during the time of slavery, many people viewed having slaves as something that is morally correct. According to Kohlberg s stages, many people do not reach stage six because they are too morally influenced by things like gaining peer approval, helping people just to get something out of it for yourself, and following social normalities. Today, we obviously know now that slavery is absolutely not acceptable. I perso nally identify with stage six because each individual needs to look past the seemingly objective moral frameworks of our society. Personally, education gives me a better platform to exercise these ideas. I would like to major in journalism for a multitude of reasons. One of them is the fact that combined with a good education, I can create works that, in a way motivate or inspire people to empathize with people. Just like when slaveryShow MoreRelatedKohlberg s Stages Of Moral Development2136 Words   |  9 PagesKohlberg’s stages of moral development were based on a moral philosopher by the name of Lawrence Kohlberg. His main interest was to observe children during growth to develop and conclude which stages they best fit into. After observing both adults and children, he concluded that, â€Å"Human beings progress consecutively from one stage to the next in an invariant sequence† (â€Å"Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development†). All of the 6 stages he cr eated, represent the morality in which a child or adult can beRead MoreKohlberg s Stages Of Moral Development815 Words   |  4 Pagescompare and contrast the moral developments of each. For this exercise, I have chosen to compare and contrast my thirteen year old autistic son, Matthew and my late grandfather, Merritt Cole who was 84 years old. Before delving into the subject matter, I feel compelled to provide background information on the stages of moral development according to esteemed psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. According to Williams and Arrigo (2008), Kohlberg suggested that morality and moral reasoning proceed throughRead MoreKohlberg s Six Stages Of Moral Development1987 Words   |  8 PagesExam One 1. a. Kohlberg’s six stages of moral development are complex yet very applicable ideas to moral development. The whole point of his six stages is to set the foundation for one’s ethical behavior with a psychological approach. The first stage of moral development is the â€Å"punishment/ obedience orientation†, which refers to how people will only focus on the consequences of certain actions. For example, when a student in elementary school brings a toy weapon to school after being told notRead MoreKohlberg s Six Stages Of Moral Development1575 Words   |  7 Pagessix stages of moral development can be applied to corporations. Corporations are made up of individuals, and the corporate culture can contribute to an individual’s moral decision making. Mintz tells us that â€Å"an individual’s moral development can be influenced by corporate culture, especially ethics training.† (p. 58) Since the corporate culture can so heavily influence in dividual ethical decision making, the stage of moral development of the corporation is important. An example of Stage 2 preconventionalRead MoreThe Six Stages Of Kohlberg s Moral Development2377 Words   |  10 PagesEXAM – 1 BUS 522 – Dr. S. Jasso APU Summer 2016 1. MORAL DEVELOPMENT a. The six stages of Kohlberg’s moral development: Level I. Preconventional Morality †¢ STAGE 1: Punishment and Obedience – Right and wrong is determined by rewards and punishment. Our behavior is motivated by fear of being punished;; an example of this would be that most people will not steal for fear of being punished (i.e. going to jail). †¢ STAGE 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation - aka – looking out for number oneRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development And Fowler s Stages Of Faith Development852 Words   |  4 Pagesso basic to human development that we sometimes overlook its importance.† (Macionis, Pg. 84) Both Lawrence Kohlberg and James Fowler developed theories on how people develop in stages. Both Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development and Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development contain 6 stages that people are believed to go through as they develop. Kohlberg’s theory is related to how people develop a sense of what is right and wrong. It was influenced by the work of Jean Piaget, on moral reasoning. He classifiesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development And Kohlberg s Stages Of Moral Development1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe two life stages that I focused on are: Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development. According to psychologist Jean Piaget, kids progress through a progression of four basis phases of cognitive advancement. Every stage is stamped by the movements in how children comprehend the world. Following his perceptions, he reasoned that children were not less intelligent than adults, they simply think in an unexpected way. Through his perceptions of his kids, PiagetRead MoreKohlberg : Theory Of Moral Development997 Words   |  4 PagesLawrence Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was a well known psychologist best known for his thorough research into the development and better understanding of the processes needed to grow into a well developed human being. Kohlberg grew up in New York City on October 25, 1927. Growing up in such a diverse area is what struck his interest in the development of all beings. In only one short year he received his bachelors degree and then went on to devote his career to study theRead MoreMoral Development : What Are Morals And How Are They Developed? Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Development: Jimmy What are morals and how are they developed? The word moral has many definitions to define its meaning. In this case the proper definition to define moral would be â€Å"of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behavior† (Moral, n.d.). This definition is pertaining to one’s judgment. Kohlberg is the psychologist who developed a theory on moral development. He used ideas from Piaget and developed his own theory. His theory will be discussed throughout this easy, whileRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development And Moral Maturity Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) is the pioneer of the theory of stages of moral development and participated actively in the development of the fields of moral psychology and moral education. Kohlberg was especially inspired by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development. Mark Baldwin, John Dewey, and George Herbert Mead also influenced his thinking (Barger, 2000; Encyclopedia of Education, 2002). In this paper, I will analyze in-depth Kohlberg’s

A Study Of Electrical Power Systems Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Electrical power systems include a generating system, a transmittal and distribution system and tonss. Transmission and distribution system is an of import connecting nexus between the majority power bring forthing Stationss and the burden lopes. The coevals workss are usually located in topographic point where the resources are available to bring forth power economically. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study Of Electrical Power Systems Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The recent tendency in power system pattern is to turn up the coevals workss off from the to a great extent populated countries. The power is so transmitted to the burden by transmittal lines and distribution webs. Transmission is made of a high electromotive force web, by and large 110 – 765 kilovolt Ac. The higher the electromotive force degree of a transmittal line, the lower is the transmittal power loss. However, the electromotive force bounds for the transmittal line electromotive forces are set by insularity and protective devices. The standard transmittal line electromotive forces depend upon the state and they are: 765, 550, 500, 400, 345, 275, 230, 169, 145, 132, 110, 66, 33 kilovolt. The electromotive forces in the scope of 345 – 765 kilovolts are classified as excess high electromotive force ( EHV ) . The electromotive forces above 765 kilovolts are considered as extremist high electromotive forces ( UHV ) . Presently, the UHV systems, at 1000- , 1500- , 2250- kilovolt electromotive force degrees are in research phase. Point to indicate transmittal is, some clip, preferred by HVDC. The electromotive force degrees used for HVDC power transmittal are: 250 kilovolt, 400 kilovolt, 500 kilovolt and 550 kilovolt. Higher District of Columbia electromotive forces are being planned. National Grid Malaysia is the chief electricity transmittal web associating the electricity coevals, transmittal, distribution and ingestion in Malaysia. It is operated and owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad ( TNB ) . The transmittal line electromotive forces for Malaysia are runing at 132kV, 275kV and 500kV. Other than grid system, Malaysia besides has a High Voltage Direct Current Transmission line where the 300 MW Thailand – Malaysia HVDC interconnectedness system consists of Khlong Ngae convertor station on the Thai boundary line and Gurun convertor station on the Malaysia boundary line. Both Stationss are linked by a 300 KV DC overhead transmittal line of 110 kilometer. EGAT ‘s Khlong Ngae convertor station is situated at Sadao territory in Southern Songkhla state, approximately 24 km.from Thai-Malaysia boundary line. TNB ‘s Gurun convertor station is located in Kedah, approximately 86 kilometers. from Malaysia ‘s northern boundary line. Malaysia will purchase electricity during the twenty-four hours clip for our commercial use which is Malaysia ‘s Peak use and Thailand will purchase during the eventide boulder clay tardily dark where their use is at the extremum. History of Use In the early yearss of commercial usage of electric power, transmittal of electric power at the same electromotive force as used by illuming and mechanical tonss restricted the distance between bring forthing works and consumers. Originally coevals was with direct current, which could non easy be increased in electromotive force for long-distance transmittal. Different categories of tonss, for illustration, illuming, fixed motors and grip ( railroad ) systems, required different electromotive forces and so used different generators and circuits. The alleged â€Å" cosmopolitan system † used transformers both to twosome generators to high-potential transmittal lines, and to link transmittal to local distribution circuits. By a suited pick of public-service corporation frequence, both illuming and motor tonss could be served. Rotary convertors and subsequently mercury-arc valves and other rectifier equipment allowed DC burden to be served by local transition where needed. Even bring forthing Stationss and tonss utilizing different frequences could besides be interconnected utilizing rotary convertors. By utilizing common bring forthing workss for every type of burden, of import economic systems of graduated table were achieved, lower overall capital investing was required, load factor on each works was increased leting for higher efficiency, leting for a lower cost of energy to the consumer and increased overall usage of electric power. By leting multiple bring forthing workss to be interconnected over a broad country, electricity production cost was reduced. The most efficient available workss could be used to provide the varying loads during the twenty-four hours. Reliability was improved and capital investing cost was reduced, since stand-by bring forthing capacity could be shared over many more clients and a wider geographic country. Remote and low-priced beginnings of energy, such as hydroelectric power or mine-mouth coal, could be exploited to take down energy production cost. The first transmittal of three-phase jumping current utilizing high electromotive force took topographic point in 1891 during the international electricity exhibition in Frankfurt. A 25 kilovolt transmittal line, about 175 kilometers long, connected Lauffen on the Neckar and Frankfurt. Voltages used for electric power transmittal increased throughout the twentieth century. By 1914 55 transmittal systems runing at more than 70,000 V were in service, the highest electromotive force so used was 150,000 Vs. The first three-phase jumping current power transmittal at 110 kilovolts took topographic point in 1912 between Lauchhammer and Riesa, Germany. On April 17, 1929 the first 220 kilovolt line in Germany was completed, running from Brauweiler near Cologne, over Kelsterbach near Frankfurt, Rheinau near Mannheim, Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck near Austria. The masts of this line were designed for eventual ascent to 380 kilovolt. However the first transmittal at 380 kilovolt in Germany was on October 5, 1957 between the substations in Rommerskirchen and Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck. In 1967 the first extra-high-voltage transmittal at 735 kilovolts took topographic point on a Hydro-Quebec transmittal line. In 1982 the first transmittal at 1200 kilovolt was in the Soviet Union. The rapid industrialisation in the twentieth century made electrical transmittal lines and grids a critical portion of the economic substructure in most industrialised states. Interconnection of local coevals workss and little distribution webs was greatly spurred by the demands of World War I, where big electrical generating workss were built by authoritiess to supply power to weaponries mills ; subsequently these workss were connected to provide civil burden through long-distance transmittal. Small municipal electrical public-service corporations did non needfully want to cut down the cost of each unit of electricity sold ; to some extent, particularly during the period 1880-1890, electrical lighting was considered a luxury merchandise and electric power was non substituted for steam power. Engineers such as Samuel Insull in the United States and Sebastian Z. De Ferranti in the United Kingdom were instrumental in get the better ofing proficient, economic, regulative and political troubles in development of long-distance electric power transmittal. By debut of electric power transmittal webs, in the metropolis of London the cost of a kilowatt hr was reduced to tierce in a ten-year period. In 1926 electrical webs in the United Kingdom began to be interconnected in the National Grid, ab initio runing at 132,000 Vs. Hazard Posed by High Voltage Power Lines Electrical jeopardies The hovering electric and magnetic Fieldss in electromagnetic radiation will bring on an electric current in any music director through which it passes. Strong radiation can bring on current capable of presenting an electric daze to individuals or animate beings. It can besides overload and destruct electrical equipment. 3.1.1 Electrocution Hazards Working Near Overhead Power Lines Most overhead power lines are n ot insulated.Activities conducted near overhead powerlines such as: threading communicating wiring ; raising antenna masts ; mounting in trees and onto edifices ; and utilizing portable metal ladder presents a existent danger Fire jeopardies Highly high power electromagnetic radiation can do electric currents strong plenty to make flickers when an induced electromotive force exceeds the breakdown electromotive force of the environing medium. These flickers can so light flammable stuffs or gases, perchance taking to an detonation. This can be a peculiar jeopardy in the locality of explosives or pyrotechnics, since an electrical overload might light them. This hazard is normally referred to as RadHaz or HERO ( Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance ) . Biological jeopardies The best understood biological consequence of electromagnetic Fieldss is to do dielectric warming. For illustration, touching an aerial while a sender is in operation can do terrible Burnss. This warming consequence varies with the frequence of the electromagnetic energy. The eyes are peculiarly vulnerable to RF energy in the microwave scope, and prolonged exposure to microwaves can take to cataracts. Each frequence in the electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed by populating tissue at a different rate, called the specific soaking up rate or SAR, which has units of Watts per kg ( W/kg ) . The IEEE and many national authoritiess have established safety bounds for exposure to assorted frequences of electromagnetic energy based on SAR. There are publications which support the being of complex biological effects of weaker non-thermal electromagnetic Fieldss, including weak ELF magnetic Fieldss and modulated RF and micro-cook Fieldss. Cardinal mechanisms of the interaction between biological stuff and electromagnetic Fieldss at non-thermal degrees are non to the full understood.. Environmental effects from transmittal lines can be found merely near to the line. Biological effects from electrical and magnetic Fieldss around the line have been intensively discussed during the last twosome of old ages. 3.4 Health Effectss Certain research surveies show fringy inauspicious wellness effects on human existences. Other surveies do non corroborate these effects. 3.5 Pollutant aerosols under high Voltage Power Lines A probe of theoretically and by experimentation conducted at H.H Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol to measure the increased exposure to airborne pollutants near power lines. Harmonizing to Fews ( 1999 ) , exposures were carried out at different power line location in assorted conditions conditions and the exposure are taken along a line at a right angles up to 200m from a figure of high electromotive force power transmittal line. The consequence of the theoretical account predicts a two of three fold addition in deposition of aerosols on spherical surfaces miming the human caput under high electromotive force lines. This status applies when pesticides or other chemical are sprayed below the power line, the aerosols conditions will formed and do more risky conditions. 3.6 Vehicles As referred to Bonneville Power Portland, vehicles parked under some high electromotive forces lines, vehicles can be roll up an induced electromotive force if the vehicle is parked on a nonconducting surface such as asphalt or dry lock. It will make flickers or worst electricity in your auto as it is non grounded. A individual will be electrocuted, when he or she is used as a music director to anchor the electromotive force induced. 3. 7 Lightning Lightning will normally strike the highest nearby object, which might be a power line tower or wire. Transmission facilitates are designed to defy lightning work stoppages by imparting them to land at the tower. Death can happen as a individual ‘s organic structure provides a way for current flow doing tissue harm and bosom failure. Other hurts can include Burnss from the discharge generated by the inadvertent contact. These can be particularly unsafe if the victims air passages are affected. Injuries may besides be suffered as a consequence of the physical forces exerted as people may fall from tallness or be thrown considerable distance. 3.8 Tall objects Tall object such as trees and turning flora at high electromotive force lines is risky at 2 facets. First is the semen in contact with the a transmittal line will take to closing down that line and upset the flow of electricity. Second trees and flora can carry on electricity, a state of affairs that can endanger people around the country, animate beings and belongings. The trees can basically go electrified and injured people touches it and might wound or even kill the individual. Electricity can even leap or curve from the transmittal line up to 15 pess off between the power lines and flora. For this intent a 25 pess safety zone is implemented by Bonneville Power ( 2008 ) utilizing the article â€Å" Keeping the manner clear for safe and dependable service † Malaysia as equator and tropical conditions is full of Vegetation and trees in the surrounding of the transmittal lines. Therefore this is really risky in the Malaysia evidences. 3.9 Trespassing Trespassing and hooliganism have been one of the chief issues in Malaysia where 1000000s of ringgit needed to replace and mend the amendss cause by unwanted activities mentioned. Steel beam and other parts of the tower and transmittal lines were taken down by larceny has been a really alarming. 3.10 Pools /Water Pools or pools should be situated near or under the transmittal line because it impedes the workers abilities to run and keep the power lines and presents a possible safety jeopardies to the populace. The jeopardy scope from possible electrical contact with the iwres to dangers that can be brushs during and after lightning work stoppage on transmittal installations. These conditions could be seen at the transmittal lines across paddy Fieldss at the province of KEDAH. Reason why High Voltage Power Line is Still Use Most of the high electromotive force power line usage overhead lines, but the power distribution within the metropolis or crowded topographic points is done utilizing belowground overseas telegrams. Less than one per centum of the entire transmittal lines are placed underground. Although belowground ac transmittal would show a solution to the environmental and aesthetic jobs involved in overhead lines, there are proficient and economical grounds that make the usage of belowground Ac transmittal prohibitive. For low electromotive force distribution applications there are no proficient jobs in utilizing overseas telegrams. The aesthetic and safety demands override the economical considerations in most of the distribution systems and therefore the belowground overseas telegrams are constantly used. High electromotive force power line building is much less expensive than belowground transmittal. Bare wires are used in overhead lines with insularity employed at the points that the wire is supported. Wood or galvanized steel towers are used to back up the music directors. The dielectrics at the music director support points are normally ball and socket porcelain or fiberglass rods covered with skirts made of a compound similar to silicon gum elastic. Lines are good protected against lightning with lightning arresters and shield wires. Bundled music directors are used for 230 kilovolts and above to cut down line reactance and corona effects. There is a trade off between the line losingss and the cost of building the line. Lowering the I2R losingss normally means larger music directors at higher electromotive force operation. This increases the cost of music directors and back uping tower cost. Therefore, the decrease in line loss must be carefully weighed against increased cost. Underground lines are most normally used to feed urban substations in high burden denseness countries. The highest belowground transmittal line electromotive force is 525 kilovolt. Since the cost of an belowground line is 9 to 15 times the cost of an overhead line they are installed merely when they offer a clear advantage or there is no option. The grounds for the high cost are: EHV insularity is expensive. The overseas telegrams must be installed in pipes made of steel or bronze which is dearly-won. Proper chilling with oil circulation is required. Difficult to turn up the mistake and expensive to mend. The overseas telegrams are constructed with oil impregnated paper insularity in many beds. The overseas telegram has a coiling metal wire lesion around the exterior of the insularity to forestall harm to the overseas telegrams while puting. The full overseas telegram is covered with a thin lead sheath that keeps the oil impregnation in the insularity. After the overseas telegram is installed, the pipe is filled with oil. The oil is pumped through the pipe to chill every bit good as insulate the overseas telegram. The oil circulation system includes pumps, filters and oil armored combat vehicles. Sulpher hexaflouride ( SF6 ) is some times used to insulate belowground transmittal overseas telegrams. The popularity of SF6 is increasing because of its simpleness. The belowground transmittal lines are more dependable if decently installed. Adverse consequence that high electromotive force on homo, animate beings, and environment Consequence on Human The preponderance of grounds shows that the low power low frequence electromagnetic radiation associated with family current is really safe, and no biophysical theories for the induction or publicity of malignant neoplastic disease have been substantiated, some research has implicated exposure in a figure of inauspicious wellness effects. These include, but are non limited to, childhood leukemia ( mentions at a lower place ) , grownup leukemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. 5.1.2. Leukaemia and malignant neoplastic disease Harmonizing to a case-control survey conducted in United Kingdom peculiarly in England and Wales, there is an association between childhood leukemia and propinquity of place reference at birth to high electromotive force power lines and the evident hazard extends to greater distance than would hold been expected. About 4 % of kids in England and Wales live within 600meter of high electromotive force lines at birth. If the association is causal, approximately 1 % of childhood leukemia in England and Wales would be properties to these lines though this estimation has considerable statistical uncertainness. A United Kingdom survey of 29,000 instances of childhood malignant neoplastic disease, including 9700 instances of leukemia, found a rise hazard of childhood leukemia in kids who lived within 200m of high electromotive force lines at birth compared with those who lived beyond 600m. There was besides a rebuff increased hazard for those populating 200-600m from the lines at birth as this further than can readily be explained by magnetic Fieldss it may be due to other aetiological factors associated with power line. Harmonizing to Dr. Paul Vailleneuve of the University of Ottawa finds in survey published in February 2002 that those who were exposed to a moderate 6mG of magnetic Fieldss increased by a factor of 12 their odds of developing an agressive encephalon tumour know as glioblastoma multiforme. The Nipponese National Institute for Environmental Studies and the National Cancer Center, in midterm analysis of a joint three-year study undertaking, have concluded kids who are frequently exposed to such electromagnetic moving ridges, emitted from high-potential power lines and some family contraptions, are on norm more than twice as likely to acquire leukemia than those who are non exposed to EMF. These researches shows an indicant there are hazard involved wellness of the public peculiarly people populating nigh High Voltage Power Lines. The authorities and the govern organic structure should take these status earnestly as it involves human life and besides agonies. 5.1.3 Effect of magnetic field toward melatonin ( Sleeping upset ) Harmonizing to Maisch, Podd and Rapley ( 2002 ) , the research has found changeless exposure of magnetic field to single will do kiping disorder.One possible manner a magnetic field could impact slumber is by impacting the production of melatonin, a endocrine produced by pineal secretory organ. The pineal secretory organ is the major control secretory organ over this rhythm, with melatonin production controlled by signals from postganglionic sympathetic fibers ( nerve cells ) connected to the hormone-producing cell of the pineal gland.The firing rate of the endocrine bring forthing varies from daytime and dark. Melatonin is known for its kiping heightening belongingss to guarantee homo would hold a dormant continuance at dark. Harmonizing to Melatonin Hypothesis: Breast Cancer and Use of Electrical Power ( 1997 ) , electromagnetic spectrum peculiarly seeable scope suppresses melatonin synthesis in the pineal secretory organ of all craniates including adult male. Dr Scott Davis of Fre d Hutchinson Cancer Research Center found the higher magnetic field degrees at dark were associated with significantly lower melatonin degrees. Therefore, the researches had come to a conclusive determination that low frequence Fieldss will make dormant perturbation. 5.1.4 Effect on Pregnant adult females and babies The high electromotive force power lines besides give consequence to the pregnant adult females and her babies. For an illustration a survey by Dr. De-Kun Li ( January 2002 ) shows that, a treble addition in overall self-generated abortions and a sextuple addition in self-generated abortions happening before the tenth hebdomad of gestation is associated with even fleeting exposure to magnetic Fieldss greater than 16 milligram. Similar consequences were found in a separate paper on self-generated abortions prepared for the undertaking by G. M. Lee which is printed in the same issue. Harmonizing to a intelligence study in New Scientist of January 10, 2002, Li ‘s consequences caused a California Health Services section scientist, Raymond Neutra, to review his 1991 survey of 727 adult females. Originally, his group ‘s survey had measured mean magnetic field exposures and with inconclusive consequences. However, when Neutra late reanalyzed the information from his earlier surv ey, he discovered the consequences were similar to Li ‘s. Womans exposed to top out magnetic field degrees greater than 14 milligrams doubled their hazard of abortion over those who had no such exposure. Consequence on the Environment High Voltage Power Lines: Power lines deliver electricity ( normally at 50 or 60 Hz ) and may cross 100s of kilometers. Degrees of electromagnetic Fieldss ( EMF ) from human-made beginnings have increased steadily over the past 50-100 old ages. Most EMF exposures come from increased usage of electricity and new engineerings. In the past decennaries, possible inauspicious effects from EMF exposure on human wellness have been an of import subject of research. However, small has been published about the impact of EMF on the natural terrestrial and aquatic environment. The World Health Organization ( WHO ) is turn toing this issue through the International EMF Project. One of the Project ‘s aims is to supply advice to national governments and others on EMF wellness and environmental effects and protective steps or actions if needed. This information sheet summarizes the current scientific apprehension on the effects of exposure to EMF Fieldss on the life environment, across the electromagnetic spectrum in the frequence scope 0-300 GHz. This scope covers all frequences that are emitted into the environment through usage of EMF engineering. Recommendations are besides given for farther research to make full spreads in cognition needed to better buttocks EMF environmental impacts. Awareness of any environmental impacts of EMF is of import to guarantee the saving of tellurian and marine ecosystems, which form the footing for sustainable development. Protection of the environment and preservation of nature have become affairs of great involvement to the populace, every bit good as to authoritiess. Such involvement is frequently expressed as concern over possible environmental impacts of big engineering undertakings, such as dikes, atomic power workss, and radiofrequency senders. Several undertakings have been capable to public force per unit areas on environmental evidences, with EMF being one but non needfully the lone issue. For illustration, a proposed high frequence ( HF ) wireless sender for the Voice of America in Israel, which would hold been the universe ‘s largest wireless station, was blocked from building on environmental evidences, in portion related to concerns about possible effects of wireless frequence Fieldss on migrating birds. Public concern about environmental exposure to EMF has ranged from claims of decreased milk production in cattles croping under power lines to damage to trees nigh high power radio detection and rangings. Such concerns might besides impact the development of new engineering: several programs have been proposed since the late sixtiess for bring forthing electric power in infinite by revolving arrays of solar panels. Large sums of electricity generated by such solar power orbiters would be transmitted to ample aerials on the land. In add-on to get the better ofing proficient troubles, this and other new engineerings would hold to derive public credence. Consequence on the Animals Most surveies of EMF effects in animate beings have been conducted to look into possible inauspicious wellness effects in worlds. These are normally performed on standard research lab animate beings used in toxicological surveies, e.g. rats and mice, but some surveies have besides included other species such as like short-living flies for the probe of genotoxic effects. The topic of this information sheet, nevertheless, is whether Voltage can hold harmful impacts on species of wild and domestic animate beings. Under consideration are: Speciess, in peculiar certain fish, reptilians, mammals and migratory birds, which rely on the natural ( geomagnetic ) inactive magnetic field as one of a figure of parametric quantities believed to be used for orientation and navigational cues Farm animate beings ( e.g. swine, sheep or cowss ) croping under power lines ( 50/60 Hz ) or in the locality of broadcast medium aerials Flying zoologies, such as birds and insects, this may go through through the chief beam of high power radio-frequency aerials and radio detection and ranging beams or through high strength ELF Fieldss near power lines. Surveies performed to day of the month hold found small grounds of EMF effects on zoologies at degrees below ICNIRP ‘s guideline degrees. In peculiar, there were no inauspicious effects found on cowss croping below power lines. However, it is known that flight public presentation of insects can be impaired in electric Fieldss above 1kV/m, but important effects have merely been shown for bees when electrically conductive urtications are placed straight under power lines. Un-insulated un-earthed music directors placed in an electric field can go charged and cause hurt or interrupt the activity of animate beings, birds and insects. 5.0 LEGAL EleCtrical safety REQUIREMENTS Understanding the consequence of electrical jeopardies such as decease and devastation of belongings, assorted attempts have been made by the authorities to guarantee the safety of users/workers and the proper use of electricity through statute laws and enforcement. Among the statutory commissariats related to the safety usage of electricity are: Electricity Supply Act 1990 Electrical Supply Regulations 1994 SIRIM Standards for Electrical Equipment Ooccupational Safety and Health Act 1994 ( OSHA 1994 ) Legislation and enforcement of these Acts and Regulations guarantee the safety of users. High electromotive force is defined by the DOE Electrical Safety Guidelines as: Over 600 Vs, but any electromotive force above 50 Vs should be considered life threatening, and treated consequently. Normally high electromotive force circuits and equipment are marked with Hazard Signs. Mentions on High Voltage can be found in: I ) Occupational safety and health administration Defines high electromotive force and lists preparation demands and safe work patterns ( including attack distances ) . two ) NEC NFPA 70 â€Å" National Electrical Code † provides extra information on high electromotive force equipment. three ) OTHER NFPA 70E â€Å" Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee workplaces † provides elaborate safe attack distances for working on high electromotive force equipment. four ) From Electrical Supply Act ( Syarikat Pengganti ) states the distance from the land to the transmittal varies harmonizing to the electromotive force value of the transmittal line. There are three status references from the route, other so the route and the location could non be reached by the route bole. Table 1 Voltage system between the music director On the route ( Meter ) Other than on the route ( Meter ) Location could non reached by the route ( Meter ) Not more than 600 Volts 5.49 5.18 4.57 More than 600 less than 11,000 V 5.79 5.49 4.88 More than 11,000 V less than 66,000 V 6.10 6.10 5.18 More than 66,000 V less than 132,000 V 6.70 6.70 5.79 More than 132,000 V less than 275,000 V 7 7 7 More than 275,000 V 7.3 7.3 7.3 Harmonizing to Strauss and Bernard ( 1991 ) , some of the federal Torahs in United States do non modulate electric and magnetic Fieldss due to public deductions and besides multi billion dollar electricity industries in the States. Some of the new Torahs are non based on scientific dictum about safe degree of magnetic filed exposure but instead on the premise that the position quo is publically acceptable. With this statement, In Malaysian ‘s the ordinances and act on the High Voltage Power Lines are non truly specific and all conditions could be change by the Minister in charge. Decision As refer to all the risky possibilities, yet still there are non proved status the danger of the magnetic moving ridge towards human wellness. There are a few researches shown there is a really high possibility of developing malignant neoplastic disease due high electromotive force transmittals lines but none of the research is definite and conclusive. Besides malignant neoplastic disease, a research has found low frequence magnetic moving ridge could strip homo ‘s sleeping form during dark clip because of stamp downing the melatonin endocrine. Other than that, the status or location of the transmittal line in Malaysia has lid concerns when the transmittal lines fluxing through the paddy field, the wood and besides the lodging estate. As for the ordinance concerns, due to none of the researches shown the danger of magnetic moving ridge in malignant neoplastic disease and other risky status, safeguards of these safety conditions are neglected. Equally long as there is no complain or human death from the populace, the authorities assume it has reach the safety demands. Therefore, we as the citizens or public, have to go a victim foremost before any Act or Regulation would be drafted to avoid such state of affairs. Make bear in head, it is non prevention but simply an turning away from the authorization. As more underdeveloped states are traveling frontward towards industrialization, more power lines are needed and more power workss will be build to for coevals. Therefore is our female parent Earth in the save from these magnetic moving ridges? Will it destruct our Earth and human sort or the mutational conditions has reached its extremum? No organic structure can reply it. As what a politician would state, there is non danger unless there are marks of decease or irreversible conditions. Uncertainty is the most deathly status compared to certainty. How to cite A Study Of Electrical Power Systems Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Quality Maintenance in Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Quality Maintenance in Healthcare. Answer: Introduction The ministry of Health Department in New Zealand has focused their concern in the development of the quality of healthcare services that are provided to the different citizens of the nation. This initiative had been proposed after the health department had thoroughly analysed the needs of various patients who come to seek service at the healthcare sectors. The concerned ministry have placed importance on each and every stakeholder in the healthcare sectors including who works in the healthcare system, the persons who come to seek service form them and the system itself to commit their dedication to the development and improvement of quality in the services provided and received in the sectors (Gilmour et al., 2016). The Ministry of healthcare dependent had set up a vision for the welfare of the citizens that include enhancement of the quality of the New Zealand healthcare sectors and the disability sectors. The ministry believes that it can be achieved by people cantered care and high quality and safe practices which should not only improve at a continuous rate but should be also culturally competent. They advise every stakeholder of the healthcare sectors to involve patients in the services they provide and at the same time be receptive and responsive to the demands of the patients needs and values (Healy, 2016). This will take into inclusion both individuals and groups of population as a whole. They have mainly adopted a system approach because provision of healthcare service is complex and involves decision making skills and action occurring attributes within peoples, individuals, teams, organisations and also subsystems. This approach was found to be helpful in benefitting the patients which involved individual patients and their families as whole (Clifford et al., 2015). It becomes extremely important to understand the proper meaning of the term quality before ensuring it in the healthcare services. Quality in this aspect can be defined as the degree which when successfully achieved in the service can ensure better survivability rate of patients, increasing likelihood of leading better lives, attaining desired health outcomes, encouraging patients with disability to become independent and participate in their treatments and feel themselves included in the treatment with proper education and current professional knowledge. This quality can be achieved only when proper interactions with fruitful results are possible within people, individuals, organisations, teams and systems (Gorman et al., 2015). The main aspects on which the Ministry had paid importance in these contexts are maintenance of people centred approach that ensures maintenance of dignity and morals of the stakeholders involved. It also pays significance to the fact that every of the individuals should have equal access to healthcare services irrespective of their caste, creed, religion and ethnicity. Developments should also be taken so that equity can be maintained in healthcare services irrespective of their socio economic backgrounds to which the individuals or the groups belong to. Maintenance of safety in every of the practices along with paying importance to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the services should be ensured for quality development. These would ultimately help in the achievement of efficiency in the different skills and knowledge of the concerned staffs so that the best quality service can be provided. All the important aspects were proposed by the Ministry to be dependent on the most valu able foundations of three important principles governing partnership, participation and protection maintained as the Treaty of Waitangi (Gauld Horsburg, 2014). Quality assurance activities mainly focused not only on maintenance of quality but also on quality improvements. This activities followed approaches which included the clear explanation of concern of quality which should be vested in teams. It also included proper monitoring and evaluation of the quality that is being exhibited through services. This would in turn help in further modifications if needed. Paying significance to the improvement of services to achieve desired outcomes should be the motto of each individual and also as a team (Dyall et al., 2014). Moreover they should also take initiatives which would help them to develop systems and invest in people with an aim of achieving outcomes in health which are of high quality. The goals of the system approach involved maintenance of special relationship with the Maori providing values to the principle of the treaty of Waitangi and exhibiting high quality leadership traits for maintaining service quality improvements taking Maori aspirations and priorities in mind. People were expected to take part in planning, delivery and assessment in healthcare services involving participation of Maori, spreading awareness, evolutionary redesigning of systems, building trustworthy relationships with all participants and many others. Motivational environment should be encouraged containing cultural competency tools; using knowledge including Maori satisfaction was proposed to support quality conscious culture ("Improvement Quality System Approach", 2017). A number of standards were also initiated nationwide for quality assurance programmes like the Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of the Health and Disability Services Consumers Rights) Regulations 1996, National Screening Standards and the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Bill and others. Funding came from the DHBs which are responsible for services with advisory committee including the Mortality Review Committees and National Health Epidemiology and Quality Assurance Advisory Committee. Since the time of 1983, the New Zealand health sectors have gone through a number of four structural transformations. In course of time, with each change, new organisations have come forward to help in funding. The first one was the 1983-1993 Area Health Boards (AHBs) which was followed by 1993-1997 Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) as well as Crown Health Enterprises (CHEs). Moreover there were instances when 1998-2001 Health Funding Authority (HFA)was also witnessed. Hospital and Health Services (HHSs) also helped. 2001 District Health Boards (DHBs) had been seen as well ("New Zealand Health System Reforms", 2017). All of them have helped in achieving health outcomes and also helped in increase of efficiency and accountability. They also helped in reduction of health expenditure. If one looks over the activities of 200, the main body of work was the District Health Boards called the DHB. This age mainly saw the 21 DHBS that was established along with the centralisation of health f unding with MOH. Emphasis was based on preventive health services. PHOs were established in 2002 and were funded by DHBs. In October 2007, low care practices were introduced that were backed up with governmental subsidies with free service for children under six. Presently there are 82 PHOs having 4 million enrolees. The practices done by GP vary between PHOs and their own practices and are monitored by DHBs and as well as independent Fee Review Committee ("New Zealand Health System Reforms", 2017). Fees of GPs are published under the guidance of DHBs and also on PHO websites. Recently not for profit organisations have also come to scenarios along with community organisations, third party organisations looking after the Maoris. Fig: Different important bodies involved in proper monitoring and evaluation of healthcare services in New Zealand. Source: ("New Zealand Health System Reforms", 2017) From the entire essay, it can easily be concluded that the system approach undertaken by the Ministry of Health in New Zealand in developing the quality of service in healthcare is thoroughly researched. It contains of many attributes which are not only evidence based but also ensures that they cover every prospect of healthcare systems required to ensure safe practice. They have included the principles of the treaty of Waitangi in each of the goals that they have set so that the entire nation can get the benefit and no one feels left out. They have incorporated important bodies into the plans which not only helped in funding but also helped in evaluations and monitoring mechanisms. Hence this initiative by the government is praiseworthy and if followed whole heartedly by every stakeholder, it can ensure better future for New Zealand healthcare systems. References: Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), 89-98. Dyall, L., Kepa, M., Teh, R., Mules, R., Moyes, S., Wham, C., ... Loughlin, H. (2014). Cultural and social factors and quality of life of Maori in advanced age. Te puawaitanga o nga tapuwae kia ora tonu-Life and living in advanced age: a cohort study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ). Gauld, R., Horsburgh, S. (2014). Measuring progress with clinical governance development in New Zealand: perceptions of senior doctors in 2010 and 2012.BMC health services research,14(1), 547. Gilmour, J., Strong, A., Chan, H., Hanna, S., Huntington, A. (2016). Primary health?care nurses and Internet health information?seeking: Access, barriers and quality checks.International journal of nursing practice,22(1), 53-60. Gorman, D. (2015). Developing health care workforces for uncertain futures.Academic Medicine,90(4), 400-403. Healy, J. (2016).Improving health care safety and quality: reluctant regulators. Routledge. Improvement Quality System Approach. (2017).www.health.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/improvingqualitysystemsapproach.pdf New Zealand Health System Reforms. (2017).www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLSocRP09031/new-zealand-health-system-reforms